• Exhibition United against genocide: Understand, question, prevent
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Exhibition United against genocide: Understand, question, prevent

Genocide and Canadian Justice

Over the last few decades, Canada has adopted various laws against denial and impunity. To this effect, it has also ratified several international instruments.

In virtue of these laws, a person can be charged in Canada for crimes committed on foreign soil. Such is the case of Désiré Munyaneza, convicted of genocide in Rwanda. The Canadian system, however, has certain limitations. For example, war criminals such as Léon Mugesera are deported, rather than tried in a court of law. Others may be living in Canada, without being prosecuted.

In the fight against denial, James Keegstra was convicted of promoting hatred against the Jews and for denying the Holocaust. Canada formally recognized the Armenian genocide in 2004, one year after Quebec.

Section of the Criminal code

Section of the Criminal code prohibiting hate propaganda.



319. (1) Every one who, by communicating statements in any public place, incites hatred against any identifiable group where such incitement is likely to lead to a breach of the peace is guilty of
(a) an indictable offence and is liable to imprisonment for a term not exceeding two years; or
(b) an offence punishable on summary conviction.

(2) Every one who, by communicating statements, other than in private conversation, wilfully promotes hatred against any identifiable group is guilty of
(a) an indictable offence and is liable to imprisonment for a term not exceeding two years; or
b) an offence punishable on summary conviction.